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October 24 关于经济学的一些感悟——写在毕业前四年前从修读精算转至经济,固然有不堪统计折磨之苦,主要还是想通过对经济学的学习来锻炼自己对宏观和微观现实的把握,以及发掘其后含义的能力。
四年过去了,对于经济学的本质,反而愈觉得模糊,各种流派观点横行,有些甚至针锋相对,从经济学之树的主干蔓延生长出来的枝叶纠结缠绕,梳理颇费苦功。然而剥去表象,“资源分配”赫然在目。
作为一门社会科学学科,经济学其独特之处在于难以采用自然科学定量定性的研究方法,其呈现出来的错综复杂的现象事实,只好通过一个个经济模型的建构,一批批经济理论的阐述,一次次统计学分析检验,一条条假设推理,如同项链上的一颗颗珍珠,来串起整个脉络。更奇妙的,在于其的不可重复性,淮南为橘淮北为枳,经济依附与它所赖以生长的土壤。
逃开了精算,避不开统计。如果要我选出经济学最“科学”的部分,那一定是计量和统计。事实上,一样的东西,处于不一样的背景中,我对它的感受竟完全不同。从逃避到兴趣,只有那么薄薄一层纸,事实上,经济学里学得最好的居然是从前害怕的计量和统计,真讽刺。
貌似现在经济学在中国大热,可经济学家在中国大臭,什么利益集团的代言人,粉饰太平的喉舌,睁眼说瞎话的误导,以及种种更加难听的称谓,大帽子一顶顶往上扣,于是我也曾哀叹了一阵,前途看似渺茫了。前些天看了《经济学家茶座》总第30辑一篇文章,小悟了一下,原来道理也不难懂,一个故事就能搞定:“以教育问题为例。如果第一个经济学家经过缜密的思考和详细的调研,认为在目前的财政预算下研究生应该以自费为主,而第二个经济学家头脑一热就说教育都应该免费。那么公众会做出什么反应呢?很显然,几乎所有研究生都会赞同第二个经济学家的观点,因为这符合研究生的利益。中国一百万在校研究生后面还有几百万家长,他们也有很强的动力支持第二个经济学家。其他人怎么样?反正收费不收他们的钱,普通百姓也无权支配财政预算,因此多数人会事不关己高高挂起。于是,在报纸、电视、网络上,我们会看到对第一个经济学家的铺天盖地的批评。批评的理由可以是“为有钱人辩护”、“不关心弱势群体”、“没有良心”等等。假如一个客观的事实是,中国现有的财政预算在保证基础教育之后,确实没有财力保证所有研究生免费上学,除非大大削减研究生数量。那么,第一个经济学家显然是合格的,因为他发表的观点是科学的,而第二个经济学家无疑是不合格的。”
把这个故事稍微延伸一下:不合格的经济学家由于发表了受到广大群众拥护的观点而声名鹊起,继而对其他热点话题继续发表迎合受众口味的观点,因此就变得“著名”起来,甚至辅弼国政,最终制定了一个不合实际的流产的政策。第二个经济学家的失败,令公众对经济学家群体完全失去信任,因此众口一词,几乎将经济学家积毁销骨了。这是一个“劣币驱逐良币”的故事。
这里想要说的是,通过逻辑、证据、靠分析过程来解释事实,而不是用煽情、鼓动和结论影响别人,观点无法抗辩事实,只有事实才能驳倒事实,这也许是我学习经济学的最大收获吧。
幸好经济学大多数时候是典型的马后炮,它会告诉你是什么,可始终说不准为什么是什么。。。如此也好,经济学家们不用当超人拯救世界了。
October 21 60 mins program special issue- the great debate29% to 65% (6% audience are not assigned) Here is the support rate b/t PM John Howard and Kevin Rudd after the TV debate tonight.
5 weeks before the federal election the leaders appeared on TV to convey their proposal and the objectives of the government if they won the election this time. In the 60 mins time, Kevin Rudd, the leader of labour party presented his arguments mainly on the aspects of education, household’s housing affordability , medical system, troops in Iraq, terrorism, tax cut and as well as on a quite rising field of global warming plus climate change. Honestly speaking, the issues that Mr Rudd talked are quite attractive and realistic, which attacked the weakness of the present government under the PM’s leading. And Mr Rudd was showing his passion and enthusiasms. In contrast, PM stuttered and hesitated, seems failed to answer most of the queries directly, especially felt nervous and looked helpless when he was facing the Iraq and rising interest rate.
The warm of audiences obviously told the story that Kevin Rudd sustained on the high level and PM’s were bouncing around the middle line and underneath. It looks like that present PM is in a really pathetic position, but, remember that he is always performing badly on the TV debate and doing well in the real election. However, I suspected this year things may be different coz the survey of the citizens indicated 10% plus support rate leading by Kevin Rudd.
Let’s wait and see ‘till 24th, Nov… |
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